Reduction valve

Pressure: 5 bar

Temp: 0oC

Gas

 

Pressure: 22 bar

Temp: 50oC

Gas

 

Pressure: 22 bar

Temp: 50oC

Liquid

 

Pressure: 5 bar

Temp: 0oC

Liquid

 

Compressor
We can pump energy from place to place by changing the state of a work medium!

Lets follow a loop:

The work medium is a liquid under high pressure and high temperature when it reaches the reduction valve. Typical it has 22 bar (1 bar is 1.01324 atm) and 50o C. When the pressure is reduced, the boiling point of the medium will fall down - this is the general rule of boiling points. The work medium is still liquid because there is no energy to "boil" it or change it into gas. Typical it is 5 bar and 0o C (or lower if the environment temperature demands it)

When the work medium extracts energy through the heat exchanger outside it receives energy and will boil (or change into gas). The gas has the same pressure and temperature but contains more energy caused to the change of state.

When the gas reaches the compressor the temperature rises caused to the compression of the gas. The boiling point will rise at the same time to a higher point where the gas can condense if energy is drawn out. On the inside the energy is released to the enviromenet  through the heat exchanger and the gas condensate. The pressure is not changed.

Then the liquid, still under high pressure is brought to the reduction valve. When pressure is reduced, the temperature falls to a lower grade than on the outside. And the loop can repeat itself.

This is how you can pump energy from a place to another by using the change of state energy of the medium.

A heat pump does two energy(heat)- exchanges (one on the outside and one on the inside), and a loop that carries the energy from one place to another by using a work medium. The work meidum is normally R410A, called Puron.  Follow the arrow in the large loop and see how the medium changes its state from liquid to gas and back to liquid by doing pressure changes and energy exchanges. By each change of state, the work medium either receives or releases energy.  Puron boils at -52o Celsius (under 1 bar). The boiling point can get up to 72o Celsius by a pressure of 49,5 bar. This is the critical point for Puron. It can then easily extract energy from air outside down to -20o and release energy to inside environments of more than 20o. Puron is perfect!